How to use lithium batteries that are ubiquitous in life safely？

The application range of lithium-ion batteries is becoming more and more extensive. Lithium batteries have been widely used in energy storage power systems such as water power, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, as well as electric tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, military equipment, aerospace And many other fields.

When we talk about the correct use of lithium batteries, we usually refer to small applications, namely consumer electronics, such as smart phones and laptops. Because large and medium applications are based on small application technologies, small applications have common characteristics, while large and medium applications are much more complex. Usually, medium applications are in new energy vehicles, which are generally called power batteries; large applications are usually On the base station, we generally call it an energy storage battery. Therefore, when we talk about “how to use lithium batteries”, it is in line with people’s habitual knowledge to limit lithium batteries to small applications.

The working principle of a lithium battery is nothing more than charging to store energy, and discharging is converted into other energy and released. It is in an idle state when it is neither charging nor discharging. Therefore, the correct use of lithium batteries has three major aspects: correct charging, correct discharging, and correct maintenance.

Correct charging method of lithium battery

Grasp the time and prevent overcharging. Do the right thing at the right time, although the lithium battery itself has excellent electrochemical performance, however, any kind of thing will have safety hazards when it deviates from the equilibrium state. In detail,

1. When charging, then charging. In the early days of the emergence of smart phones, out of the original intention of protecting their own interests, each mobile phone manufacturer often emphasized the use of original chargers (including charging cables) to charge electrical equipment. Some manufacturers designed special data cables and did not support others. Charger (including charging cable). Later, as the application of smart phones and laptops became more and more widespread, it was obvious that it would be a cocoon to continue this way, so now everyone has basically unified the standard, a charger/cable can charge electrical appliances of different brands and properties. Charging is convenient, and a problem that users should pay attention to is to try to keep the battery with the power of normal use at all times. Under normal circumstances, when the battery is too low, both the mobile phone and the laptop will give a reminder. At this time, you need to recharge it in time. Although the low battery will not cause a direct safety accident, overuse will cause damage to the battery structure over time. .

2. Just fill it up. The inside of the lithium battery cell is also made up of many components. The new battery is good. If it takes a long time, the function of which component may decline, so there will be a risk of overcharging safety. Several typical accidents in which Samsung and Apple were exposed were caused by the owners of electrical appliances putting their mobile phones on the bedside to charge them when they were sleeping, which eventually caused burns and explosions.

3. Do not use one mind and two purposes. I have experienced that using the mobile phone while charging it, especially when playing games, it is easy to feel the mobile phone heat up. The reason is also very simple. The mobile phone is equivalent to doing two jobs at the same time, which makes it necessary to pay more than twice the labor force, and the body naturally heats up. NS.

Correct discharge method of lithium battery

Charge in time to prevent over-discharge. Ordinary mobile phone users are not aware of the hazards of over-discharge, because there are usually no reports of safety incidents in over-discharge. Moreover, some people even think that regular deep discharge is good for the maintenance of battery performance. In fact, this is not the case, because the memory effect of lithium batteries is negligible, and there is no saying that deep discharge eliminates the memory effect. Theoretically speaking, the total cycle life of a deep discharge of a lithium battery will be longer, but the risk is that over-discharge of the battery will cause the battery voltage to be too low and cannot be charged normally, sometimes it will take a long time to turn on, or even fail to turn on. The two evils are the lesser one. A shorter service life is better than no use. Therefore, users of mobile phones and laptops are advised not to frequently use black screens.

Lithium battery is properly maintained

The temperature is suitable, and it is resistant to cold and heat. When idle, lithium batteries usually do not have safety accidents. The purpose of daily maintenance is to place the lithium batteries in a suitable environment, thereby delaying the aging of the batteries. In fact, one of the parameter designs of lithium batteries is the appropriate temperature. Relatively speaking, lower temperature is not a big problem, but if it is placed at a higher temperature, as the saying goes, the thing is extremely reversed, and it will also cause safety problems. The idle state we are talking about is only in terms of the normal environment. If the lithium battery is placed in water or close to the fire source, it will be out of the topic of “maintenance”. Then, what should be done in a normal environment? The water side is moisture-proof and the hot side is sun-proof. Therefore, the suitable environment for daily maintenance of lithium batteries should be four words: ventilation and coolness. These four words should be followed regardless of whether the lithium battery is left unused independently or ready for use in electrical appliances.

In the correct use of lithium batteries, the charging method of lithium batteries is the most important, because incorrect charging methods will cause safety problems, and discharge and daily maintenance affect only the service life of lithium batteries, and lithium batteries themselves are also a kind of Consumables, no matter what we take, we can’t avoid its final loss, but we use the correct method to delay its aging.